Sector collection / 10 published

Energy & advanced manufacturing

Case files, access paths, and operational lessons for leaders responsible for this technology domain.

05 / CS-015 2004–2025

Energy & advanced manufacturing

China exchanged rail-market access for production technology as a state-owned competitor emerged

Foreign train makers accepted joint ventures and broad technology transfer to enter China's vast rail buildout. The contracts demonstrably expanded local production; a later U.S. commission assessed that sector-wide transfer helped cultivate CRRC as a state-owned competitor.